Under the headings of “Rechtssoziologie” in Germany and “socio-legal studies” in the UK, scholarly traditions have developed that relate law to its social environment. This Article identifies key stages in the development the subject took in both countries and the directions of travel. Comparable milestones were
passed, and directions were taken in Germany and the UK. This includes the institutionalization of the subject along the lines of programmatic texts; becoming part of university education; and the establishment of research institutes, academic associations, and specialized journals. The development tells us something beyond sociology of law or socio-legal studies, namely about the relation of law and sociology, the parent disciplines themselves, as well as about academic studies and professional and institutional practice. However, in contrast to the UK, there is still more of a distance between the sociology of law and jurisprudence in Germany.

The environmental cycling of antibiotic-resistant blaCTX-M-15-producing E. coli following
release from wastewater treatment plants is a major public health concern. This study aimed to (i)
assess the impact of sediment concentrations on the rate of their inactivation following release from
human wastewater into freshwater, and (ii) simulate their subsequent dispersal to the nearby
coastline during a “worst-case” event where heavy rainfall coincided with high spring tide in the
Conwy Estuary, North Wales. Freshwater microcosms of low, medium and high turbidity were
inoculated with blaCTX-M-15 -producing E. coli, then exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Typical
regional wintertime exposure to UV was found to be insufficient to eradicate E. coli, and in highly
turbid water, many bacteria survived simulated typical regional summertime UV exposure.
Modelling results revealed that blaCTX-M-15-producing E. coli concentrations reduced downstream
from the discharge source, with ~ 30% of the source concentration capable of dispersing through the
estuary to the coast, taking ~36 h. Offshore, the concentration simulated at key shellfisheries and
bathing water sites ranged from 1.4% to 10% of the upstream input, depending on the distance
offshore and tidal regime, persisting in the water column for over a week. Our work indicates that
the survival of such organisms post-release into freshwater is extended under typical wintertime
conditions, which could ultimately have implications for human health.

Background
The Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Teaching Assessment Criteria (MBI:TAC) is a widely used tool for assessing fidelity in mindfulness-based program (MBP) research and training. It also supports MBP teacher reflective and skill development. MBI:TAC assessors review MBP teaching and rate the teaching on 6 domains. The MBI:TAC yields individual domain and overall scores, using 6 levels of competence. Although the MBI:TAC is widely used in MBP research and training, research is at an early stage.
Objective
We developed and tested a method of training MBI:TAC assessors to use the tool reliably and examined interrater reliability of the tool.
Methods
A total of 31 international senior MBP teachers were recruited to join an online training to build their skills in using the MBI:TAC. The training systematically and iteratively built familiarity and skills in assessing the 6 MBI:TAC domains. Qualitative and quantitative data on trainee’s experience of the training were gathered. Interrater reliability in using the tool was tested each week of the training. At the end of the training, interrater reliability was tested by asking trainees to individually assess videos that they had not previously seen. Their ratings were compared to benchmark assessments, which had been established via consensus agreement between 4 expert users of the MBI:TAC.
Results
The training was well received and appreciated, with some challenges experienced in applying the assessment methodology. Participants’ ratings became progressively more in line with one another and the benchmark ratings during the training. At the end, interrater reliability was high (ranging from 0.67 to 1.0).
Conclusion
It is possible for senior MBP trainers, coming from different regions in the world, to align toward common understandings of the elements of MBP teaching competence and program integrity. An assessor training methodology was tested, and the learning from this project has led to refinements for future delivery.

Flooding appears to be an increasing issue in the UK, Europe and worldwide. Since 2000, the UK has experienced severe floods in York (2000), Cornwall (2004), Cumbria (2005), Hull (2007), Cumbria (2009), North Wales (2012) and UK (2013/14) (Fig. 1). These floods have occurred during the summer, autumn and winter periods, and have caused countless issues to the public, infrastructure and the government. Based on recent events it could be said that flooding is getting worse, but is that really the case?

Implementation studies are often poorly reported and indexed, reducing their potential to inform initiatives to improve healthcare services. The Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies (StaRI) initiative aimed to develop guidelines for transparent and accurate reporting of implementation studies. Informed by the findings of a systematic review and a consensus-building e-Delphi exercise, an international working group of implementation science experts discussed and agreed the StaRI Checklist comprising 27 items. It prompts researchers to describe both the implementation strategy (techniques used to promote implementation of an underused evidence-based intervention) and the effectiveness of the intervention that was being implemented. An accompanying Explanation and Elaboration document (published in BMJ Open, doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013318) details each of the items, explains the rationale, and provides examples of good reporting practice. Adoption of StaRI will improve the reporting of implementation studies, potentially facilitating translation of research into practice and improving the health of individuals and populations.